Tag Archives: cheap chains

Flat Cheap Top Chain Table Plate Conveyor Chains Standard Plastic Good Price Industries High Quanlity Best Transmission Suppler Metric Chains Stainless Steel Chain with ce certificate top quality low price

Product Description

Flat CZPT Chain Table Plate CZPT Chains Standard Plastic CZPT Price Industries CZPT CZPT lity Best Transmission Suppler Metric Chains CZPT Steel Chain

Engineered for a wide range of conveyor applications for many industries

Straight-running and side-flexing options for ease of installation, reduced floor space

Accommodate unique application environments with innovative surface options

Narrow TableTop Chain widths for multiple-strand and variable-speed conveyors

Continuous conveying surface for greater-width-requirement MatTop Chain applications

Assembled-to-width MatTop Chain configurations for CZPT sizes

Reduce container tipping and jams at transfer points

TableTop Chain for high-strength and high-speed applications

 

 

 

 

Short Cheap Pitch Precision Roller Chains *04c-3 *06c-3 08A-3 10A-3 12A-3 16A-3 20A-3 24A-3 28A-3 32A-3 36A-3 40A-3 48A-3 with ce certificate top quality low price

Product Description

OUR PRODUCTS LIST:

A and B series single/double/triple standard roller chain and no-standard roller chain

DIN/ISO ANSI Pitch Roller Width Pin Pin Lnner Plate Ultimate Average weight
KIN/ISO ANSL     between diameter length plate thick tensile tensile per
Chain Chain     inner plates       depth -ness strength strength meter
No. No. P d1 b1 d2 L Lc h2 T Q Q0 q
    max min max max max max max min
    mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm kN/LB kN kg/m
*03C *15 4.7625 2.48 2.38 1.62 6.1 6.9 4.3 0.6 1.80/409 2 0.08
*04C-1 *25 6.35 3.3 3.18 2.31 7.9 8.4 6 0.8 3.50/795 4.6 0.15
*06C-1 *35 9.525 5.08 4.77 3.58 12.4 13.17 9 1.3 7.90/1795 10.8 0.33
085-1 41 12.7 7.77 6.25 3.58 13.75 15 9.91 1.3 6.67/1516 12.6 0.41
08A-1 40 12.7 7.95 7.85 3.96 16.6 17.8 12 1.5 14.10/3205 17.5 0.62
10A-1 50 15.875 10.16 9.4 5.08 20.7 22.2 15.09 2.03 22.20/5045 29.4 1.02
12A-1 60 19.05 11.91 12.57 5.94 25.9 27.7 18 2.42 31.80/7227 41.5 1.5
16A-1 80 25.4 15.88 15.75 7.92 32.7 35 24 3.25 59.70/12886 69.4 2.6
20A-1 100 31.75 19.05 18.9 9.53 40.4 44.7 30 4 88.50/20114 109.2 3.91
24A-1 120 38.1 22.23 25.22 11.1 50.3 54.3 35.7 4.8 127.00/28864 156.3 5.62
28A-1 140 44.45 25.4 25.22 12.7 54.4 59 41 5.6 172.40/39182 212 7.5
32A-1 160 50.8 28.58 31.55 14.27 64.8 69.6 47.8 6.4 226.80/51545 278.9 1.1
36A-1 180 57.15 35.71 35.48 17.46 72.8 78.6 53.6 7.2 280.20/63682 341.8 13.45
40A-1 200 63.5 39.68 37.85 19.85 80.3 87.2 60 8 353.80/80409 431.6 16.15
48A-1 240 76.2 47.63 47.35 23.81 90.5 103 72.39 9.5 51.30/115977 622.5 23.2

 

 DIN/ISO Pitch Roller Width Pin Pin Lnner Plate Ultimate Average weight
KIN/ISO     between diameter length plate thick tensile tensile per
Chain     inner plates       depth -ness strength strength meter
No. P d1 b1 d2 L Lc h2 T Q Q0 q
  max min max max max max max min
  mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm kN/LB kN kg/m
04B-1 6 4 2.8 1.85 6.8 7.8 5 0.6 3.2/682 3.2 0.11
05B-1 8 5 3 2.31 8.2 8.9 7.1 0.8 5.0/1136 5.9 0.2
*06B-1 9.525 6.35 5.72 3.28 13.15 14.1 8.2 1.3 9.0/2045 10.4 0.41
08B-1 12.7 8.51 7.75 4.45 16.7 18.2 11.8 1.6 18.0/4091 19.4 0.69
10B-1 15.875 10.16 9.65 5.08 19.5 20.9 14.7 1.7 22.4/5091 27.5 0.93
12B-1 19.05 12.07 11.68 5.72 22.5 24.2 16 1.85 29.0/6591 32.2 1.15
16B-1 25.4 15.88 17.02 8.28 36.1 37.4 21 4.15/3.1 60.0/13636 72.8 2.71
20B-1 31.75 19.05 19.56 10.19 41.3 45 26.4 4.5/3.5 95.0/21591 106.7 3.7
24B-1 38.1 25.4 25.4 14.63 53.4 57.8 33.2 6.0/4.8 160.0/36364 178 7.1
28B-1 44.45 27.94 30.99 15.9 65.1 69.5 36.7 7.5/6.0 200.0/45455 222 8.5
32B-1 50.8 29.21 30.99 17.81 66 71 42 7.0/6.0 250.0/56818 277.5 10.25
40B-1 63.5 39.37 38.1 22.89 82.2 89.2 52.96 8.5/8.0 355.0/80682 394 16.35
48B-1 76.2 48.26 45.72 29.24 99.1 107 63.8   560.0/127272 621.6 25

We can also supply chain as below:
1. Roller chains with straight side plate (A series) ;08A to 48A
2. Roller chains with straight side plate (B series) :04B to 48B
3. Short pitch conveyor chain with attachments : O8A to 16B with attachment
4. CZPT chain with special attachments (A series) : C08A-1 to C32A-3
5. CZPT chain with special attachments (B series) : C08B-1 to C32B-3
6. CZPT chain with special attachments : A1,K1,WK1,WK2,WA1,WA2
7. Short pitch conveyor chain with extended pins 
8.Conveyor chain with special extended pins 
9.Double pitch conveyor chains 
10. Double pitch conveyor chain with attachments 
11.Double pitch conveyor chain with special attachments 
12.Double pitch conveyor chain with extended pins 
13. Double plus chains
14. Lumber conveyor chain & attachments 
15. Sharp top chains
16. Roller chain with vulcanised elastomer profiles
17.Roller chain with U type attachments
18.Roller chain with plastic attachments
19. Plastic chains
20. Roller chain with plastic rollers
21.Various conveyor chains
22. CZPT chains(M series)
23. CZPT chain with attachments(M series)
24. CZPT chains(MT series)
25. Hollow pin conveyor chains(MC series)
26. CZPT chains(FV series)
27. CZPT chain with attachments(FV series)
28. CZPT chains(FVT series)
29. Hollow pin conveyor chains(FVC series)
30. CZPT -standard hollow pin conveyor chains
31. CZPT chains(Z series)
32. CZPT chain with attachments(Z series)
33. CZPT chains(ZE series)
34. Hollow pin conveyor chains(ZC series)
35. CZPT chains
36. CZPT chain with attachments
37.Steel chains for sewage disposal
38. Special conveyor chains
39. CZPT movement conveyor chains
40.Conveyor chains for hoisting
41.Welded conveyor chains
42. Roller chains for textile machinery
43.Roller chains for folio transport(Gripper)
44. Support chains
45. 78PF1 conveyor chains
46. CZPT chains for paper mill
47. CZPT chains for metal decorating system
48.To top chain-curved movement
49.Double flex chains
50. Hollow pin chains
51. CZPT bush chains
52.Engineering bush chain with attachments
53. Escalator step-chains
54. CZPT chains for steel mill
55. Scraper conveyor chains
56. Welded steel chains
57.Welded steel chain with attachments
58. Steel pintle chain
59. Steel pintle chain with attachments
60. CZPT chains for fibreboard equipment
61. CZPT chains for crawler asphalt paver
62. Palm oil chains
63. Sugar chains
64. Flat-top conveyor chains

Products show
 
 
  
  


Our workshop

  

Our hot treatment equipment
    
 

   FAQ

Q1. What is your terms of packing?
A: Generally, we pack CZPT goods in single color box. If you have special request about packing, pls negotiate with us in CZPT , we can pack the goods as your request.

Q2. What is your terms of payment?
A: T/T 30% as deposit, and 70% before delivery. We’ll show you the photos of the products and packages 
before you pay the balance. CZPT payments terms, pls negotiate with us in CZPT , we can discuss.

Q3. What is your terms of delivery?
A: EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF.

Q4. How about your delivery time?
A: Generally, it will take 25 to 30 days after receiving your CZPT payment. The specific delivery time depends 
on the items and the quantity of your order.

Q5. Can you produce according to the samples?
A: Yes, we can produce by your samples or technical drawings. We can build the molds and fixtures.

Q6. What is your sample policy?
A: We can supply the sample if we have ready parts in stock, but the CZPT ers have to pay the sample cost and 
the courier cost.We welcome sample order.

Q7. Do you test all your goods before delivery?
A: Yes, we have 100% test before delivery

Q8: How do you make CZPT business CZPT -term and good relationship?
1. We keep good quality and competitive price to ensure CZPT CZPT ers benefit ;
2. We respect every CZPT er as CZPT friend and we sincerely do business and make friends with them, 
no matter where they come from.
 

 

 

S38, Cheap S32V, S45h, S55h, S55r, S55V, S77h, S88h Elevator Agricultural Roller Chains for Agricultural Combine with ce certificate top quality low price

Product Description

Product Description

Agricultural roller chain on Agricultural CZPT Equipment, welded steel mill chain, welded steel drag chain, cast fixed pin chain, pintle chain, drop forged link chain and Engineer Class Driving Chain, with alloy steel and stainless steel selection according to your requirement

1, Chain types: agricultural chain, drop forged rivetless chain, Roller Chain, conveyor chain, sugar industry chain, palm oil industry chain, asphalt industry chain,elevator conveyor industry chain, double flex chain, pintle chain, weld steel drag chains, malleable chain etc;
2, Main materials: It is 40Mn. 40Cr, 45Mn alloy steel or SUS304 for plates, 10#, 20#, 20CrMnMo, 30CrMnTi for pins and rollers;
3, Heat treatment: Carburizing, Austemper Stressing, nitro-caburizing harden etc;
4, Surface: Shot peening, black, blue or original;
5, Package way: Plastic bag+ carton box+ plywood case

S type steel agricultural chains
Chain No. Pitch Roller diameter Width between inner plates Depth of chain plates Pin diameter Pin length Plate thickness Ultimate tensile strength Weight per meter
p d1(Max) b1(min) h2(Max) d2(Max) b4(Max) T(Max) Qo(min) Q
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm Kn Kg/m
CA550 41.4 16.87 19.81 13.5 7.19 38 2.8 51.2 1.94
CA550V 41.4 16.8 19.05 13.5 8.28 39.1 3 68.7 2.24
CA555 41.4 16.87 12.7 19.8 7.19 32 3.1 56 1.72
CA557 41.4 17.78 20.24 19.8 8 40.8 3.1 74.3 2.6
CA620 42.01 17.91 24.51 17.3 7.19 45.2 3.25 55.1 2.35
CA2060H 38.1 11.91 12.7 17.3 5.94 31.6 3.25 40.5 1.45
CA2063H 38.1 11.89 12.7 17.3 5.94 34.2 2.8 40.5 1.65
CA550F4 41.4 14.35 20.24 17.3 7.14 38.5 2.8 52 1.78
CA550F5 41.4 16.66 20.24 17.3 7.14 38.5 3.25 52 1.97
CAE44151 28.575 15.88 16.2 17.3 7.92 38.9 2.5 64.5 2.73
38.4R 38.4 15.88 19.05 17.3 6.92 36.4 3 41.2 1.7
38.4V 38.4 15.88 18 17.3 6.92 38 3 50 1.83
38.4VB 38.4 15.88 19.05 26.2 8.28 39.4 2.8 62.5 2.17
55VD 41.4 17.8 23 26.2 8.22 42.4 3 45 2.34
S62F3 41.91 19.05 25.4 26.2 8 44.8 3 58.7 3.12
CA960 41.4 17.78 22.61   8.9 43 3 72.6 6.94
CA550VF2 41.4 16.8 19.05   8.28 38.8 3 68.7 2.13
CA550H 41.4 16.74 20 26.2 7.14 39.1 3 60.8 2

 

 

Detailed Photos

 

Product Parameters

Packaging & CZPT

1. Inner packing: CZPT bag, air bubble bag, carton according to buyer’s request.
2. Outer packing: OSB case or pallet.
3. Please remember to leave the correct contact ADDRESS information for delivery.

Our Advantages

 

Company Profile

We are a leading manufacturer of mechanical transmission spare parts, as well as several years one of reliable and CZPT worthy vendors. Our main items are roller chain, conveyor chain, agricultural chain, sugar industry chain, palm oil industry chain, asphalt industry chain,elevator conveyor industry chain etc.
At present, For South CZPT ican, CZPT pean, and Asian market, CZPT superior products are fabricated according to your requirement and CZPT quality meets ISO, ASME, DIN standard.

Please watch CZPT process steps as below
(1) punch its outer plate and inner plates

(2)Shot peening workshop

(3) heat treatment workshop

(4) assembly preparation

(5) pins process

(6) Tensile Properties Test before shipment

 

After Sales Service

Our products can be repaired or replaced the new parts with free cost in three months.

FAQ

Question:
1.Q:How about mould cost?
A: primarily depend on : 1.Drawing, 2.material, 3.weight and quantity.
We need to know the structure of each parts to analyze the mold solution by:

1) –Complete design drawing, product model or actual sample —– the best way
–PDF drawing with complete dimension for each parts
–Clearly photos for each parts with more angle-views to show every features.

2)The materials, technical parameters and surface treatments.
technical parameters: tell us about its model, pitch, roller diameter, width between inner plates, attachment type, outside drawing etc.

3)The quantity of order.

2.Q:How to control the product processing?
A: The processing report or pictures will be sent to the CZPT er every week/ each month for review.

3.Q:Who will own the mould?
A:Customer, also the mould can be kept in CZPT factory for future order.

4.Q:How CZPT do you make your quotation?
A:After receiving detail informations we will quote in 1 to 3 days.

5.Q: MOQ? —
small chain type: if its pitch is less than 38.10mm and its thickness is less than 5mm, MOQ is 1500 meters on these roller chains or conveyor chains;
middle chain type: MOQ is 1000 meters on these roller chains or conveyor chains;
big chain type: if its pitch is more than 76.20mm and its thickness is more than 10mm, MOQ is 200 meters on these roller chains or conveyor chains;

I hope we can do business together, and look forward to hearing from you soon
 

Har1775 Cheap Series Flexible Chains Wtih FDA& Gsg Certificate Used for Food & Beverage with ce certificate top quality low price

Product Description

Har1775 Series Flexible Chains
 

Brand Name Hairise
Product  name Har1775 Series Flexible Chains
Material POM
Color White
Standard Standard
Reverse Radius 150mm
Plate Width 70mm
Working Load 2500N
Used Application for vertical conveying of cans,glass bottles,etc..

Advantages of the CZPT rise modular belt conveyors:
1 this modular conveyor belt are convenient to assembly and maintain
2.All color CZPT CZPT
2.this modular conveyor belt can bear CZPT mechanical strength
3.this modular conveyor belt has Excellent product handling performance
4. these modular conveyor belts are wear resistance and Oil Resistant
5.we are a professional conveyor system manufacturer, CZPT product line contains modular belt, slat top chain, conveyor spare parts, conveyor system.
6.we can provide good after-sale service.
7.every product can be CZPT ized 

Application:
Bakery, Dairy, Fruit, and Vegetable
We have extensive experience in developing specialized solutions tailored to the needs of many different Bakery industry segments: bread and bun, fresh pastry (oven and fried pastry), pizza, pasta (fresh and dry), frozen bread, frozen pastry, cookies, and crackers, with CZPT material handling equipment conveyor systems conveyor plastic modular belt conveyor you can get surprised!

Meat Poultry Seafood
With belts and accessories designed to meet the specific needs of fruit and vegetable processing and packaging applications, CZPT rise is committed to helping CZPT ers achieve their operational and business goals.
Hairise continues to develop new and better ways for CZPT ers to increase throughput efficiency, improve sanitation, and reduce the costs of belt ownership.
Material handling equipment conveyor systems conveyor plastic modular belt conveyor technology to meet the specific challenges of seafood processors. 

Ready Meals
Ready meal CZPT ers who equip their lines with CZPT rise CZPT plastic slat table top food grade conveyor chain realize many critical benefits, including:
·Reduced sanitation costs and improved food safety
·Improved line efficiency and maintain product alignment
·Reduced unscheduled downtime and reduced labor needs

Mu CZPT CZPT mation CZPT nology(ZheJiang ) Co, Ltd.
MuJia is an integrated company engaged in the R&D, manufacture and sale of slat top chain,modular belt,conveyor system and other related components almost twenty years. Insisting on the operation principle of “Quality Based and Service CZPT “, CZPT company has won a high reputation through many years of development. We also cooperate with some well-known domestic and overseas enterprises.

Our head office located in ZheJiang ,new factory located in ZheJiang province,covers an areas of 15,000 square meter,there are three main buildings:office building,conveyor assembly workshop and production workshop.More than ten machines for producing,many hundreds of item models for meeting CZPT er variety requirements.Our main products are modular belt,slat top chain,flexible chain,conveyor system,comb,rail,sprocket and other conveyor related components.They are widely used in food, soft drink, packaging & manufacturing, tobacco, medicine & chemical, electronics, automobiles and logistics industries.

Q1. Where is your factory located? How can I visit there?
A: All CZPT clients, from home or abroad, are warmly welcomed to visit us. Before you visit CZPT company, we can connect by phone! Our company is located in ZheJiang , CZPT , near the ZheJiang Xihu (West CZPT ) Dis.ao CZPT Airport. And CZPT factory is in ZheJiang HangZhou, we will arrange cars to there.

Q2. I don’t know what belt I currently use. Can you help me identify my belt?
A: Our online belt identifier can help you narrow down the series and style of your current belt. If you need more specific information on plastic conveyor chain belt parts manufacturers, contact me freely for plastic chains/ belts/ PU/PVC/Rubber belts/ other components and conveyors.

Q3. What can you do If the products were broken?
(1) If goods were broken once you bought from me,I would replace them freely according to the proven photos.
(2) If the goods were broken when you used, we could provide 5 year quality guarantee for plastic conveyor chain belt parts manufacturers under common working environment.

Q4. Does CZPT rise provide PDF files of products?
A: Yes, in CZPT download center you can find PDF files for a large number of CZPT products.If you can not find what you are looking for, send me your request by email or contact me on Wechat or Whatsapp freely.

Har821 Cheap Series Straight Top Chains Used for Package & Logistic Industry with ce certificate top quality low price

Product Description

Har821 Series Straight CZPT Chains Used for Package & CZPT tic Industry

Product Name Har821 Series Straight CZPT Chains
Brand Name Hairise
Chain material POM
Pin Stainless Steel
Temperature ‘-40ºC~90ºC
Max CZPT Lubricant 80M/min  Dryness 50M/min
Width 7.50/10.0/12.0/18.0inch
Working load 2680N
Application Food,beverage ,can and bottle conveying
Buisiness Type Manufacturer

Application:
Bakery, Dairy, Fruit, and Vegetable
We have extensive experience in developing specialized solutions tailored to the needs of many different Bakery industry segments: bread and bun, fresh pastry (oven and fried pastry), pizza, pasta (fresh and dry), frozen bread, frozen pastry, cookies, and crackers, with CZPT material handling equipment conveyor systems conveyor plastic modular belt conveyor you can get surprised!

Meat Poultry Seafood
With belts and accessories designed to meet the specific needs of fruit and vegetable processing and packaging applications, CZPT rise is committed to helping CZPT ers achieve their operational and business goals.
Hairise continues to develop new and better ways for CZPT ers to increase throughput efficiency, improve sanitation, and reduce the costs of belt ownership.
Material handling equipment conveyor systems conveyor plastic modular belt conveyor technology to meet the specific challenges of seafood processors. 

Ready Meals
Ready meal CZPT ers who equip their lines with CZPT rise CZPT plastic slat table top food grade conveyor chain realize many critical benefits, including:
·Reduced sanitation costs and improved food safety
·Improved line efficiency and maintain product alignment
·Reduced unscheduled downtime and reduced labor needs

Mu CZPT CZPT mation CZPT nology(ZheJiang ) Co, Ltd.
MuJia is an integrated company engaged in the R&D, manufacture and sale of slat top chain,modular belt,conveyor system and other related components almost twenty years. Insisting on the operation principle of “Quality Based and Service CZPT “, CZPT company has won a high reputation through many years of development. We also cooperate with some well-known domestic and overseas enterprises.

Our head office located in ZheJiang ,new factory located in ZheJiang province,covers an areas of 15,000 square meter,there are three main buildings:office building,conveyor assembly workshop and production workshop.More than ten machines for producing,many hundreds of item models for meeting CZPT er variety requirements.Our main products are modular belt,slat top chain,flexible chain,conveyor system,comb,rail,sprocket and other conveyor related components.They are widely used in food, soft drink, packaging & manufacturing, tobacco, medicine & chemical, electronics, automobiles and logistics industries.

Q1. Where is your factory located? How can I visit there?
A: All CZPT clients, from home or abroad, are warmly welcomed to visit us. Before you visit CZPT company, we can connect by phone! Our company is located in ZheJiang , CZPT , near the ZheJiang Xihu (West CZPT ) Dis.ao CZPT Airport. And CZPT factory is in ZheJiang HangZhou, we will arrange cars to there.

Q2. I don’t know what belt I currently use. Can you help me identify my belt?
A: Our online belt identifier can help you narrow down the series and style of your current belt. If you need more specific information on plastic conveyor chain belt parts manufacturers, contact me freely for plastic chains/ belts/ PU/PVC/Rubber belts/ other components and conveyors.

Q3. What can you do If the products were broken?
(1) If goods were broken once you bought from me,I would replace them freely according to the proven photos.
(2) If the goods were broken when you used, we could provide 5 year quality guarantee for plastic conveyor chain belt parts manufacturers under common working environment.

Q4. Does CZPT rise provide PDF files of products?
A: Yes, in CZPT download center you can find PDF files for a large number of CZPT products.If you can not find what you are looking for, send me your request by email or contact me on Wechat or Whatsapp freely.

Conveyor Cheap Chain Flat Table Top Plate Chains Standard Plastic Good Price Selling High Quanlity Transmission Suppler Metric Chains Stainless Steel Conveyor Chain with ce certificate top quality low price

Product Description

Conveyor Chain Flat Table CZPT Plate Chains Standard Plastic CZPT Price Selling CZPT CZPT lity Transmission Suppler Metric Chains CZPT Steel CZPT Chain

HZPT Chain Corp. offers a full range of both precision roller chain and engineered. Applications are varied and range from conveyor, elevator transfer to broad general industrial CZPT transmission specialty applications with attachments and/or special materials are also CZPT .

BICYCLE CHAIN: 408,410,415

MOTORCYCLE CHAIN: 04C, 25H, 06C, T3, 270H,415H, 420, 420L, 425, 428, 428H, 520, 525, 530

ASA ROLLER CHAIN: 35, 40, 41, 50, 60, 60H, 80, 80H, 100, 120, 140, 160, 200, 240 (Catalog)

CHAIN (BRITISH STHangZhouRD): 05-B, 06-B, 08-B, 10-B, 12-B, 16-B, 20-B, 24-B, 28-B, 32-B, 40-B (Catalog)

LARGE PITCH CHAIN: 100, 100H, 120, 120H, 140, 140H, 160, 160H, 180, 200, 240

EXTEND-PITCH PRECISION ROLLER CHAINS: 208A, 208B, 210A, 210B, 212A, 212B, 216A, 216B,220A,220B,224A,224B,228B,232B

 

ROLLER CHAINS FOR BEER BOTTLINET CONVEYORS: CK-70S,CK-100S,CK-100SA,CK-100SC,CK-133XA, CK-140X, CK-140XA,CK-150X,CK-150S,CK-154X,CK-155X,CK-155XA,CK-160X,CK-160XA,CK-160XB,CK-160XC,CK-165X, CK-165XA, CK-169, CK-180X,CK-180XA,CK-200S,CW-102,CW-127

IMPLEMENT ROLLER CHAINS FOR CONVEYORS: 81X, 81XH,81XHH,CA550,CA555,CA620

By adopting integrated optimum design of the structural dimensions, parts material and
heat treatment process, the ultimate tensile strength of SP series high strength roller
chain is 28% more than that of A series standard roller chain. Moreover, it has excellent
performances of fatigue strength and impact resistance etc..